ERIKSON’S IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION: NAVIGATING FAITH AND MODERNITY IN GEN-Z PAKISTANI MUSLIMS

Abstract

This study explores the psychosocial conflict experienced by Generation Z Pakistani Muslims as they navigate between traditional Islamic values and global modernity. Grounded in Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development—particularly the stage of identity versus role confusion—it examines how young Muslims reconcile competing cultural expectations while forming their identities.

Using qualitative thematic analysis of 20 semi-structured interviews with urban youth aged 18–25 from diverse socio-economic backgrounds, the research investigates experiences of faith, family, education, social pressures, and aspirations. Findings reveal significant internal conflict as participants struggle to balance inherited religious and cultural norms emphasizing community and spirituality with modern values of individualism and personal freedom. This tension often results in confusion and uncertainty.

Nonetheless, many participants demonstrate resilience by creating hybrid identities that integrate tradition with modernity. They selectively reinterpret religious practices and adapt social norms to align with contemporary goals, exemplifying fluid identity formation in non-Western contexts undergoing rapid change.

By applying Erikson’s theory in Pakistan, this study highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity in identity research and extends psychosocial developmental models beyond Western settings. It offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and mental health professionals supporting youth navigating identity conflicts in a globalized world.